Google
 

Announcement

က်ေနာ္တို႔ uploading hosting ေပၚတင္ထားေသာဖိုင္မ်ားေဒါင္းလုပ္ဆြဲမရပါက 4shared ဆီသို႔ေျပာင္းလဲတင္ေပးသြားမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ uploadingသည္ယခုေနာက္ပိုင္းတြင္ဖိုင္တစ္ဖိုင္ကိုတစ္လအတြင္းမည္သူမွ်ေဒါင္းလုပ္
မဆြဲပါကဖ်က္ပစ္တတ္ပါတယ္။

အကယ္၍ 4shared မွပါဆြဲ၍အဆင္မေျပပါက direct FTP ေပၚတြင္ေတာင္းဆိုေသာစာအုပ္ကို ေခတၱတင္ေပးသြားမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ဆြဲ၍မရေသာစာအုပ္နာမည္မ်ား ကို Cbox တြင္ေျပာၾကား၍ ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း၊
english4myanmar@gmail.com သို႔ေမးလ္ပို႔၍ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္းတင္ျပႏိုင္ပါတယ္။

ဆီေဗာက္မွာ စာမ်ား၊ လင့္ခ္မ်ား ေကာင္းစြာမျမင္ရပါက ဒီမွာကလစ္ ၍ ဆီေဗာက္ျမင္ကြင္းက်ယ္သို႔သြားေရာက္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။


ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါသည္။
www.english4myanmar.com
"English language, the very first step towards other knowledge"


*ကိန္းဘရစ္ Cambridge မွ မွစာအုပ္မ်ားကိုေကာ္ပီရိုက္ေၾကာင့္ျဖဳတ္ေပးလိုက္ပါတယ္။ ဆီေဗာက္စ္တြင္တင္ျပ၍ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း သို႔မဟုတ္ ေမးလ္ ပို႔ၿပီးေတာင္းဆိုႏိုင္ပါတယ္။*

*FTP ျပင္ဆင္ေနေသာေၾကာင့္ တစ္ခ်ိဳ ႔ဖိုင္လင့္ခ္မ်ား မွာ error ရွိႏိုင္ပါသည္။*
Showing posts with label Usage. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Usage. Show all posts

Affect or Effect?

Affect or Effect?

Affect (Influence) (V)
မွတ္ခ်က္- Encarta မွာေတာ့ affect ကို verb သာမက noun လို႔လဲ ဆိုလိုထားပါတယ္။
to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause them to change:
e.g. Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
Effect (Result) (N)
the result of a particular influence:
e.g. The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment.
Effect (Achieve) (V)
to achieve something and cause it to happen:
e.g. As a political party they are trying to effect a change in the way that we think about our environment.
(Source and reference: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary 2003)


In general use, affect is only used as a verb, whereas effect is commonly used as a noun and only in formal contexts as a verb. What causes confusion is that they have very similar pronunciations and closely related meanings. If one thing affects [acts upon] another, it has an effect on it [causes it to change]. Notice also that you can affect [cause a change in] people as well as things, but you can only effect [bring about] things such as changes: The election has affected our entire society, for it has effected major changes in the government.The bad weather has a bad effect [not affect] on him.
(Source and reference: Microsoft® Encarta)

For summing up,
A: How do you think the new program will affect things?
B: I think it will affect things in a good way. I think its effect will be a positive one.

Phobia

A phobia (from the Greek φόβος "Phobos" meaning Fear), is an irrational, intense, persistent fear of certain situations, objects, activities, or persons. (source:wikipedia)

စကားလုံးအသစ္မ်ားတိုးပြားေစရန္ phobia စကားလံုးမ်ားကိုစုေဆာင္းတင္ျပလိုက္ပါတယ္။

"Ablutophobia","Fear of washing or bathing."
"Acarophobia","Fear of itching or of the insects that cause itching."
"Acerophobia","Fear of sourness."
"Achluophobia","Fear of darkness."
"Acousticophobia","Fear of noise."
"Aeroacrophobia","Fear of open high places."
"Aeronausiphobia","Fear of vomiting secondary to airsickness."
"Aerophobia","Fear of drafts, air swallowing, or airborne noxious substances."
"Agliophobia","Fear of pain."
"Agoraphobia","Fear of open spaces or of being in crowded, public places like markets. Fear of leaving a safe place. Fear of crowds."
"Agraphobia","Fear of sexual abuse."
"Agrizoophobia","Fear of wild animals."
"Agyrophobia","Fear of streets or crossing the street."
"Aichmophobia","Fear of needles or pointed objects."
"Ailurophobia","Fear of cats."
"Albuminurophobia","Fear of kidney disease."
"Alektorophobia","Fear of chickens."
"Algophobia","Fear of pain."
"Alliumphobia","Fear of garlic."
"Allodoxaphobia","Fear of opinions."
"Altophobia","Fear of heights."
"Amathophobia","Fear of dust."
"Amaxophobia","Fear of riding in a car."
"Ambulophobia","Fear of walking."
"Amnesiphobia","Fear of amnesia."
"Amychophobia","Fear of scratches or being scratched."
"Anablephobia","Fear of looking up."
"Ancraophobia","Fear of wind."
"Androphobia","Fear of men."
"Anemophobia","Fear of air drafts or wind."
"Anemophobia","Fear of wind."
"Anginophobia","Fear of angina, choking of narrowness."
"Anglophobia","Fear of England, English culture, ect."
"Angrophobia","Fear of becoming angry."
"Ankylophobia","Fear of immobility of a joint."
"Anthophobia","Fear of flowers."
"Anthrophobia","Fear of flowers."
"Anthropophobia","Fear of people of society."
"Antlophobia","Fear of floods."
"Anuptaphobia","Fear of staying single."
"Apeirophobia","Fear of infinity."
"Aphenphosmphobia","Fear of being touched."
"Apiphobia","Fear of bees."
"Apotemnophobia","Fear of persons with amputations."
"Arachibutyrophobia","Fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of the mouth."
"Arachnephobiba","Fear of spiders."
"Arachnophobia","Fear of spiders."
"Arithmophobia","Fear of numbers."
"Arrhenophobia","Fear of men."
"Arsonphobia","Fear of fire."
"Ashenophobia","Fear of fainting or weakness."
"Astraphobia","Fear of thunder and lightning."

See full list of Phobia (အျပည့္အစံုၾကည့္ရန္)

A Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage

Author: Bergen Evans, Cor.Nelia Evans
Publisher: Random House. New York
Pages: 574

Excerpt: When we speak or write we want to be understood and respected. We want to convey our meaning and we want to do it in a way that will command admiration. To accomplish these ends we must know the meanings of words, their specific meanings and their connotations, implications and overtones, and we must know how to combine words effectively into sentences. A dictionary can help us to understand the meaning of a word. But the only way to understand a word fully is to see it in use in as many contexts as possible. This means that anyone who wants to improve his vocabulary must read a great deal and must make sure that he understands what he reads. There is no short cut to this kind of knowledge. If a man thinks that noisome and noisy are synonyms, if he uses focus and nexus interchangeably, if he sees no difference between refute and deny and if he assumes that disinterested means uninterested, he will not say what he means. Indeed, he may even say the exact opposite of what he means. Respectable English is a much simpler matter. It means the kind of English that is used by the most respected people, the sort of English that will make readers or listeners regard you as an educated person.

ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔ အဂၤလိပ္စကားေျပာဆိုရာတြင္လည္ေကာင္း၊ ေရးသားရာတြင္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ဆိုလိုရင္းကို သူတစ္ပါး နားလည္ေအာင္ႏွင့္အဓိပၸယ္မလြဲေအာင္ေရးသားရပါတယ္။ ထိုသို႔ေရးသားရာတြင္စကားလံုးတစ္လုံးခ်င္းစီ၏ အဓိပၸယ္ႏွင့္ဆိုလိုရင္း၊ အသံုးအႏႉံဳးကိုသိထားရပါမယ္။ ဥပမာ၊ uninterested သည္ "စိတ္မ၀င္စားေသာ" ဟုဆိုလိုေသာ္လည္း၊ disinterested သည္ "ဘက္မလိုက္ေသာ၊တရားမွ်တေသာ" လို႔ဆိုလိုပါတယ္။ ဤစာအုပ္တြင္စကားလံုးတစ္လံုးခ်င္းစီ၏ အဓိပၸယ္ႏွင့္ဆိုလိုရင္း၊ အသံုးအႏႉံဳးစသည္တို႕ကိုေသခ်ာစြာ႐ွင္းလင္းျပထားပါတယ္။

4shared Download 7.50 MB Download for Myanmar Users

English In Focus - English In Workshop Practice

Author: Alan Mountford
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Pages: 109

Description: The aim of this book is to develop a basic knowledge of how English is used for communication in workshop practice. It is intended for students who already know how to handle the common English sentence patterns but who need to learn how these patterns are used in technical writing to convey information about workshop materials and processes.

The exercises direct the student's attention to certain features of English which are specific to technical writing. The aim is to provide the student with a strategy for reading more difficult technical texts and to prepare him for making effective use of English in his own writing.

Although the emphasis is on English as a medium of expression in the workshop, the basic elements of the language have not been neglected. Pattern practice is provided, particularly in the grammar section of each unit, but this kind of work is always presented in relation to a technical context and not simply as an exercise in making sentences for their own sake.

This book does not aim at teaching technical matter, nor does it aim at teaching grammatical structures and vocabulary as such. Its purpose is to show how language is used to convey technical information and so to give students a grounding in one particular set of communication skills in English.


စက္မႉလုပ္ငန္းခြင္(တြင္ခုံစသည္)တို႔တြင္တစ္ဦးႏွင့္တစ္ဦးေျပာဆိုဆက္သြယ္ရာတြင္ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း၊
အေရးသားတြင္လည္းေကာင္း၊အဂၤလိပ္စာကိုမည္သို႔မည္ပံုအသံုးခ်သည္ကိုေရးသားထားေသာစာအုပ္တစ္အုပ္
ျဖစ္ပါသည္။စက္မႉပစၥည္းကိရိယာမ်ား၊စက္မႉလုပ္ငန္းေဆာင္တာမ်ားကိုအေရးအသားႏွင့္ဖတ္႐ႉရာတြင္
ထိထိေရာက္ေရာက္မွန္မွန္ကန္ကန္အသံုးခ်ႏိုင္ရန္ ရည္႐ြယ္ထားေသာစာအုပ္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။

Tags: ,

English For Science

Author: Fran Zimmerman
Publisher:
Prentice Hall Regents
Pages: 206 Pages: 47 (Instructor's Manual)
Description:
English for Science is an English language text for use in secondary school, community college, or adult education programs to prepare students to participate in basic science courses. The text is designed for intermediate and advanced students of English as a second language. It integrates the four basic language skills- reading, writing, listening, and speaking- to facilitate the leap from basic English to academic English and to prepare students to comprehend and use college-level science material. The project evolved from a study of the needs of students at the American Language Institute in San Diego. Although the book focuses on science, most of the skills taught are appropriate preparation for any academic course of study. Similarly, although intended for non-native speakers, most of the material is adaptable for remedial classes for native speakers as well.

အဂၤလိပ္စာကိုသိပၸံက႑နယ္ပယ္တြင္မည္သို႔အသံုးခ်ပံုကို အေျခခံပညာအထက္တန္းအဆင့္မွ တကၠသိုလ္အဆင့္အထိ ရည္႐ြယ္ေရးသားထားေသာစာအုပ္တစ္အုပ္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။

Thematic Content: The unifying theme of English for Science is the scientific method, and the book aims to develop concepts of critical thinking and inquiry. The chapters are organized around the rhetorical functions used in scientific study (for example, classifying, comparing, and defining). Each rhetorical function is introduced in a short reading passage and developed further in a longer reading and lecture. As far as possible, reading and writing skills are introduced as they relate to the rhetorical function.

Topics were selected from the general science curriculum to serve as vehicles for presenting the rhetorical functions, syntactic constructions, and vocabulary used frequently in scientific discourse. the non-native speaker may be familiar with the science concepts that are covered but not know how to express them in English. The focus of this book, however, is always on language rather than science, and there is no attempt to cover any scientific topic thoroughly. No previous science knowledge is needed by the teacher or student.

သိပၸံဘာသာရပ္ကိုအဓိကထား၍ေရးသားထားျခင္းမဟုတ္ပဲ၊ သိပၸံဘာသာရပ္တြင္ အဂၤလိပ္စာကိုမည္သို႔ အသံုးခ်ပံု(အေရးအသား၊ စကားလံုးအသံုးအႏူံး၊ အေျပာအဆိုစတဲ့) ကိုေရးသားတင္ျပထားေသာစာအုပ္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။

Medical English

Author:
Ramon Ribes, MD, PhD
Pablo R. Ros, MD, MPH (Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School)
Publisher: Springer Pages: 197
Book Units:
  1. Reading, Listening, Talking and Writing. Self-evaluation
  2. Grammar in Use
  3. Scientific Literature
  4. Talks and Courses
  5. Some of the Most Frequent Mistakes Made by Doctors Speaking in English
  6. Latin and Greek Terminology
  7. Acronyms and Abbreviations
  8. Clinical History
  9. Conversation Survival Guide
Tags: ,

English For Modern Policing - Student's Book

Author: Mark Roberts (coordinator)
Publisher: British Council Pages: 171
Download: 3.51 MB
Textbook Units:
  1. Descriptions
  2. Crime and Punishment
  3. Criminal Investigations
  4. Crime, investigation and social relevance
  5. Crime in Society: Domestic Violence and Violence against Women
  6. Crime in Society: Child Abuse
  7. Women: For Better and For Worse
  8. Policing the Multicultural Society
  9. Trafficking in Human beings
  10. Dealing with Vehicle Crime
  11. Countering Terrorism
  12. Computer Crime, Fraud and Economic Crime
  13. Combating Organized Crime
  14. Criminology

English For Journalists - Third Edition

Author: Wynford Hicks
Edited by: Richard Keeble, Lincoln University Pages: 193
Publisher: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, London and New York
Description: English for Journalists is an invaluable guide not only to the basics of English, but to those aspects of writing, such as reporting speech, house style and jargon, which are specific to the language of journalism.

Written in an accessible style, English for Journalists covers the fundamentals of grammar, the use of spelling, punctuation and journalistic writing, with each point illustrated by concise examples.

This revised and updated edition includes:
  • an introductory chapter which discusses the present state of English and current trends in journalistic writing
  • a new chapter in the grammar section featuring 10 of the most common howlers made by journalists
  • up-to-date examples of spelling, punctuation and usage mistakes published in newspapers and magazines
  • a specimen house-style guide reproduced in full
  • an extended glossary of terms used in journalism
Download: 2.1 MB

Advanced English Practice

Author: B. D. Graver
Publisher: Oxford University Press Pages: 321
Download: 8.74 MB

Tags: ,

Oxford English For Electronics

Author: Eric H. Glendinning, John McEwan
Publisher: Oxford University Press Pages: 208
Download: 19.50 MB

Oxford English For Electrical And Mechanical Engineering

Author: Eric H. Glendinning, Norman Glendinning
Publisher: Oxford University Press Pages: 189
Download: 34.30 MB

Cambridge Professional English In Use - Law

Author: Gillian D. Brown, Sally Rice
Publisher: Cambridge University Press Pages: 126
ေဒါင္းလုပ္လင့္ခ္ကို ဆီေဗာက္တြင္ေတာင္းပါ။ သုိ႔မဟုတ္ေမးလ္ပို႔ပါ။
Link has been removed due to copyright infringement


Test Your Professional English - Law

Author: Nick Brieger
Publisher: Longman, Pearson Education Ltd. Pages: 112
Download: 25.47 MB

Test Your Professional English - Accounting

Author: Alison Pohl, Nick Brieger
Publisher: Longman, Pearson Education Ltd. Pages: 110
Download: 4.85 MB

Elements of British and American English

Author: Karol Janicki
Publisher: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Pages: 137
Description: The similarity and differences between British English and American English
Download: 1.65 MB

Test Your Grammar And Usage For FCE

Author: Peter Watcyn-Jones, Jake Allsop
Publisher: Longman Pages: 144
Download 5.9 MB

The Handbook Of Good English

Author: Edward D. Johnson
Publisher: Winslow Pinney Pels Pages: 447
Download 7.48 MB

Writing:Grammar, Usage, And Style


Author: Jean Eggenschwiler, M.A., Emily Dotson Biggs
Publisher: Hungry Minds Pages: 224
Download 1.41 MB

The New Fowler's Modern English Usage

Author: R.W. Burchfield
Publisher: Oxford University Press Pages: 899

NTC's Dictionary Of American Slang And Colloquial Expressions

Author: Richard A. Spears .P.hD.
Publisher: NTC Publishing Group Pages: 577